Understanding Arterial Plaque

What is arterial plaque?
Arterial plaque is fatty buildup in the inner walls of arteries that commonly leads to atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. Arterial plaque forms slowly over time as triglycerides, cholesterol and chemical substances bind together with calcium and embed in the arterial wall.

What is the role of arterial plaque in heart disease?
As arterial plaque accumulates, the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart can become restricted, and conditions such as angina (chest discomfort such as tightness) can develop. Additionally, plaque buildup can lead to a situation which causes a plaque rupture. When this occurs, unstable plaque causes a break in the arterial wall, which stimulates blood clots to form and seal off the spot where the plaque ruptured. However, in the process of trying to “heal the plaque,” the clot can create a blockage which can result in a heart attack or ischemic stroke. In fact, 68% of heart attacks occur as a result of plaque rupture and thrombosis, not stenosis (narrowing of blood vessels), as is commonly thought [1].

Can arterial plaque be detected?
Yes, there is a simple blood test that helps identify the presence of rupture-prone arterial plaque. The PLAC^® Test for Lp-PLA₂ is the only FDA-cleared blood test that aids in assessing risk for both coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke associated with atherosclerosis [2]. The PLAC Test measures levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂), a vascular-specific inflammatory enzyme implicated in the formation of this vulnerable, rupture-prone plaque. The PLAC Test helps identify people who may not be identified by traditional risk factor assessment alone, and who may benefit from more aggressive treatment programs.

Can the impact of arterial plaque be reversed?
The good news is you can speak to your physician to discuss various lifestyle changes including eating a healthy diet and exercising to help slow or reverse the atherosclerosis process. Additionally, there are prescription medications that can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure to help prevent heart attacks and strokes. To learn if you may be at risk for suffering a heart attack or stroke due to the build up of arterial plaque, ask your doctor about the PLAC Test for Lp-PLA₂. For more information please call (877) 752-2837.